Determination of harpagide and harpagoside contents in Scrophularia ningpoensis from 15 origins / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of harpagide and harpagoside content in Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN). Methods An Eclipse C18 column was used for determination of methanol extract of S. ningpoensis with a HPLC-PDA method and mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03% phosphate solution in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelengths were 210 nm and 280 nm. Results Harpagide and harpagoside contents in SN showed good linear relationships within 0.1020-0.5100 mg/ml (r=0.9999) and 0.0340-0.1700 mg/ml (r=0.9999). Their average recovery rates were 97.44% and 97.08%.The RSDs were 0.93% and 1.24%.. There were significant differences in the contents of harpagide and harpagoside in SN from 15 origins (P<0.01). The content of harpagoside in Sichuan Long-dong, Zhejiang Lin-an, Zhejiang Pan-an and Henan Nan-feng is higher. Conclusion This method is stable, accurate and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of SN.

Application and prospect of Humulus lupulus L. in anti-osteoporosis / 药学实践杂志

Humulus lupulus is a kind of special resource plant used both as medicine and food in Xinjiang. In addition to being widely used in beer brewing, Humulus lupulus has long been recognized for its medicinal value, especially for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Modern pharmacological research shows that its active components have great potential in the development of anti-osteoporosis drugs. However, in recent years, the wild Humulus lupulus resources in China have been seriously degraded, and the contents of active components are quite different. Ensuring high-quality Humulus lupulus germplasm resources is a prerequisite for the development and utilization of Humulus lupulus. This paper reviews the major chemical components of Humulus lupulus and their effects and application in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and discusses the existing problems, aiming to provide a reference for the development and utilization of Humulus lupulus against osteoporosis.

Research on chemical components and biological activities of the iridoids in Morinda genus / 药学实践杂志

Morinda genus of Rubiaceae has been widely used in medicine at home and abroad. Many parts of Morinda tree are utilized in research, mainly including roots, stems, leaves, branches and seeds. Through the research of online databases, the chemical components and biological activities of the iridoids in Morinda genus were summarized in this paper. Up to now, more than 50 kinds of iridoids have been identified. In addition, more and more studies proved that Morinda iridoids might benefit human via such anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and bone protection. The theoretical basis was provided for the further development and utilization of the iridoids in Morinda genus.

Anti-inflammatory study on 9,9'-O-di-(E）-feruloyl-meso-5,5'-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol (LCA), an active ingredient in Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of LCA, which is the active component from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Methods Pharmacodynamic evaluations of ear swelling and cotton ball granuloma models were used in animal experiments. In vitro experiment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of LCA by detecting the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. Results In ear swelling experiment, the extent of ear swelling was significantly lower in the LCA treated group than the model group. The inhibition rate was greater in the high LCA concentration group than the positive drug group. In addition, LCA reduced the weight of cotton ball granuloma markedly. At the cell level, LCA significantly inhibited the secretions of NO, TNF-α and reduced the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion LCA has significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The further studies are warranted for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Study on fingerprint of Hupulus lupulus by HPLC / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish fingerprint of Hupulus lupulus by HPLC.Methods Diamonsil C18column (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm) was used.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1％phosphoric acid, in gradient elution mode, detection wavelength was 358nm, column pressure at 10.2MPa, column temperature was 30℃, injection volume of 10μl and flow rate was 1.0ml/min.Results A common mode of HPLC fingerprint of Hupulus lupulus was established.19common peaks were calibrated, xanthohumol, cohumulone, humulone, adhumulone, colupulone, lupulone and adlupulone for identification.Among the 26batches of Hupulus lupulus, 5batches of herbs had similarities of less than or equal 0.9, which were all wild varieties.Conclusion The method was fast, effective, accurate and reliably to distinguish the cultivation and wildness Hupulus lupulus, which provided reference for quality control of Hupulus lupulus.

Value of semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign prostate lesions / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT in differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions.Methods From November 2017 to June 2018,30 patients (age:52-86 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed,and the serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) were examined within 1 week before PET/CT imaging.Semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on prostate lesions were measured by automatic segmentation algorithm method,including PSMA-related lesion volume (VPSMA),maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean),peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) and total lesion uptake value of PSMA (TLUPSMA).The indices were compared between malignant and benign prostate lesions,and the optimal cut-off values for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results According to the pathological results,19 patients had malignant lesions and 11 were with benign diseases.The differences of tPSA,SUVmax,SUVmean SUVpeak and TLUPSMA between malignant and benign prostate lesions were statistically significant (u values:17.00-48.00,all P＜0.05),but there were no significant differences of fPSA,fPSA/tPSA and VPSMA between 2 groups (u values:64.00-99.00,all P＞0.05).The optimal cut-off value of tPSA was 18.30 μg/L for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions,with sensitivity of 13/17 (PSA of 2 patients were missing),specificity of 9/11 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.743.The optimal cut-off values of SUVmax,SUVmean and SUVpeak were 5.50,3.09 and 3.56,respectively,with all corresponding sensitivity of 18/19,all specificity of 9/11,and AUC of 0.902,0.907 and 0.919,respectively.The optimal cut-off value of TLUPSMA was 54.81 cm3,with sensitivity of 14/19,specificity of 9/11 and AUC of 0.804.Conclusion The semi-quantitative indices of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT are valuable for differentiating malignant and benign prostate lesions,in which SUVpeak is superior to other indices.

Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis from ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node metastases and risk stratification of endometrial carcinoma / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), measured by preoperative ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT), in risk stratification of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS: The patients with pathological diagnosis of EC who underwent preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively selected for analysis of the prognostic values of PET parameters in risk classification and lymph node metastases (LNMs). Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was used to analyze the correlation of PET parameters cutoff values with deep myometrial invasion (MI), lymphovascular space involvement and LNM for prognostic values in risk stratification. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for detection of LNM are 83.3%, 99.7%, 90.9%, 99.5% and 99.2%, respectively. The MTV and TLG of primary lesion of EC in the patients with LNM are notably higher than those in patients without LNM, p<0.010. The MTV and TLG of the EC primary lesions in high-risk patients are significantly higher than those in low-risk patients (p<0.010), but the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is not. The MTV and TLG of primary lesions were superior to SUVmax for predicting of deep MI, LNM and high-risk of EC (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: MTV and TLG of primary lesions are more valuable in predicting risk stratification of EC patients. Preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging is useful in predicting the LNM of EC and may help guide pelvic lymphadenectomy to avoid unnecessary pelvic lymphadenectomy in EC patients with low-risk stratification.

Anti-osteoporotic study on xanthohumol, an active ingredient in Humulus lupulus L / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate the anti-osteoporotic effect of xanthohumol(XN)in animal and osteoblast.Methods The anti-osteoporotic study on XN was performed with ovariectomized mice model.Serum biochemical indexes,bone mineral density(BMD)and bone histomorphology were measured using Elisa kits and Micro-CT analysis.In vitro test,the effect of XN on osteoblastic proliferation,differentiation and mineralization were assayed.The expression of protein related to bone for-mation was measured by Western blot analysis.Results In vivo experiments,XN significantly increased the estrogen level, reduced the high bone turnover rate,improved the microenvironment and BMD in ovariectomized mice.In vitro experiments, XN protected bone loss not only by promoting osteoblastic proliferation,ALP activity and bone mineralization,but also through increasing the expression of osteopontin(OPN),bone sialoprotein(BSP)and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2). Conclusion This is the first report to confirm that XN has anti-osteoporotic effect,which provides a new approach for the clin-ical treatment of osteoporosis.

Content variation of four flavonoid glycosides in Hippophae rhamnoides L .leav-es before and after fermentation assayed by RP-HPLC / 药学实践杂志

Objective To compare the changes of four flavonoid glycosides in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L . before and after fermentation .Methods The water extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L .leaves and its fermented tea were con-centrated and desiccated .The dry extracts were dissolved in 70％ ethanol .The chromatographic separation was performed with RP-HPLC method on an Extend-C18 column (4 .6 mm × 250 mm ,5 μm) .Acetonitrile-0 .1％ formic acid was selected as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1 .0 ml/min .The detection wavelength was 356 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃ .Results The rutin content was high in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L .After fermentation ,isoquercitrin content was increased , while the contents of rutin and narcissoside were reduced and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside stayed unchanged .There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak areas of the four compounds (r>0 .9997) .The average recoveries were between 96％-103％ .Conclusion This established method is rapid and reliable ,which can be used for the quality control of Hippophae rhamnoides L .leaves and its fermented tea .

Study on the technology for extracting lignans in schisand ra chinensis (Turcz ) Baill by AB-8 macroporous resin / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the conditions for isolating and purifying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 type of macroporous adsorption resin .Methods The content of Schizandrol ,Deoxyschizandrin ,r-Schisandrin was deter-mined by HPLC .The optimum separation and purification process of lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were identified by static and dynamic adsorption ,desorption tests .The sample volume ,concen-tration ,eluting velocity ,and ethanol concentration were investigated .Results The optimum conditions for isolating and purif-ying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows :dosage of sample liq-uid was 1BV ,concentration of sample solution was 9 .159-16 .523 mg/ml ,ratio of diameter to height of resin column 1:5 ,ad-soption flow rate was 2 .5 BV/h ,eluted by 5 BV 30％ ethanol ,followed by 10BV 95％ ethanol .The transfer rate of lignans was 77 .07％ with 22 .06％ of total lignan content .Conclusion AB-8 macroporous adsorptive resin can effectively isolate and purify lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill .This low cost process is easy to operate and with high industrial pro-duction value .

Effects of eleutheroside E on learning and memory ability in mice / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the influence of eleutheroside E (ELE)on the learning and memory abilities of mice in-duced by para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and on hippocampus′monoamine neurotransmitters of serotonin(5-HT) ,5-hydrox-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) ,dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NA) .Methods Balb/c mice were randomized into control group ,model group ,positive group and three treatment groups (high ,moderate and low dose group) .The mouse injury model was established by PCPA abdominal injection .The mice′s abilities of learning and memory were detected in the Morris water maze test after 14 days of prevention medicine .The contents of 5-HT ,5-HIAA ,DA and NA in mice′s hippocampus were de-tected by Elisa kit .Results The behavior results showed that ,compared with control group ,the times across the platform by model group decreased significantly (P<0 .01) .The times across the platform by high and moderate dose groups increased sig-nificantly (P<0 .01) after the administration of ELE .The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA of the model group were lower than those of the control group (P<0 .01) .The contents of NA was lower too (P<0 .05) .The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA of different dose groups were much higher than those of the model group .Conclusion The enhancement of learning and memory ability in the mouse injury model established by PCPA might be related with the improvement of the contents of 5-HT ,5-HIAA ,DA ,NA in mice′s hippocampus by ELE .

Extraction process on total falvonoids from Hy pericum sampsonii by orthogonal experiments / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii .Methods On the basis of single factor test ,solid‐liquid ratio ,ethanol concentration ,extraction time ,extraction temperature and extrac‐tion times on the extraction rate were studied by taking the content of total falvonoids as indexes .Orthogonal test was conduc‐ted to establish the extraction technology of total falvonoids from Hypericum sampsonii .Results The influence degree of fac‐tors on the extraction rate of total falvonoids was in the order of ethanol concentration ,solid‐liquid ratio ,extraction times ,and temperature .The optimum extraction condition was confirmed as follows:ethanol concentration of 70% ,extraction tempera‐ture of 60 ℃ ,and extraction times of 3 × 1 .5 h ,solid to liquid ratio of 1:20 .Under this condition ,the average extraction rate of total falvonoids reached 2 .38% .Conclusion The test was reasonable in design and credible in findings ,and was easily oper‐ated ,which could provide scientific basis for the batch extraction of total flavonoids from Hypericum sampsonii .

Influence of Extract from T. Ramosissima on the Skin-wounded Mice / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To research the effect of acetic ether extract from T. ramosissima on the skin-wounded mice. [Methods]The acetic ether extract of T. ramosissima was administrated to skin-wounded mice by gavage methods. [Results] The experimental groups in different dosages had significant difference ,compared to the control group, with the areas of wound healing 17.68 mm2, 17.90 mm2, 20.18 mm2 and 31.48 mm2,after the acetic ether extract of T. ramosissima administration to skin-wounded mice by gavage methods. [Conclusions] It was suggested that the acetic ether extract of T. ramosissima had some protective effects on improving the wound healing.

Antiosteoporotic effects of benzyl benzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides in ovariectomized rats / 中西医结合学报

To evaluate the antiosteoporotic effects of benzyl benzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides (COBG) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The research aimed to investigate the entophytic fungal community of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, including the biodiversity from different organs and the correlations with habitations.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>PDA medium was used to isolate and purify the endophytic fungi in V. negundo var. cannabifolia. The purified strains were identified by morphology together with similarity of 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ninety-seven strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from V. negundo var. cannabifolia. They were identified belonging to 12 species, 10 genera, 8 families and 6 orders, while 60 isolations identified into 9 species, 9 genus ,7 families and 6 orders were obtained from the wild plants and 37 belonging to 7 species, 5 genus, 3 families and 3 orders were from the cultivated ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It indicated that the entophytic fungi in V. negundo var. cannabifolia were diverse, and there were some differences at quantity and species in different sites and organs of V. negundo var. cannabifolia.</p>

Chemical constituents from aerial part of Atractylodes macrocephala / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Atractylodes macrocephala.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectrum analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as atractylenolide I-III (1-3), 2-[(2E) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-dione(4), 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (5), scopoletin (6), 4-methoxycinnamic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), ferulic acid (9) protocatechuic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (11), dictamnoside A (12), syringin (13), D-mannitol (14).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were isolated from the aerial part of A. macrocephala for the first time and compounds 4, 5, 7-12, 14 were isolated from this species for the first time.</p>

Endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba and their biological activities / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the isolation method, identification and screen for bioactivities endophytic fungi from ginkgo.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Endophytic fungi from ginkgo were separated. By means of microdilution method, activities of endophytes against pathogenic fungi were tested. Then, using DPPH, the antioxidant activities were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine strains (16.1%) showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among these bioactive strains, the growth of T. rubrum was strongly inhibited by T-1-2-1, as the MIC80 was equal to fluconazole, the positive control. Five strains (8.9%) showed antioxidant activities. Among them sample T-3-2-2 and T-6-5-7 showed the strongest antioxidant activities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endophytic fungi of ginkgo would be potential and rich resources for drug development.</p>

Effect of Liriope platyphylla total saponin on learning, memory and metabolites in aging mice induced by D-galactose / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Liriope platyphylla total saponin (LPTS) on learning, memory, neuromediators and metabolites in aging mice induced by D-galactose. METHODS: Ninety Kunming mice were randomly divided into nine groups: normal saline (NS)-treated group, untreated group, high- (100 mg/kg), medium- (50 mg/kg) and low-dose (10 mg/kg) LPTS-treated groups, Shuxuening-treated group, jiaogulanosidi-treated group, flunarizine-treated group and vitamin E-treated group. The Kunming mice in the NS-treated group were administered with NS by intraperitoneal injection, while the aging mice in the other eight groups were administered with D-galactose by intraperitoneal injection. At the same time, the aging mice in different groups were fed with corresponding drugs for 42 days, and the aging items of the mice in different groups were measured, respectively. RESULTS: LPTS could improve the memory of aging mice induced by D-galactose, promote its body weight, and increase the thymus and spleen indexes of the aging mice. LPTS could decrease the levels of MDA and lipofuscin, inhibit MAO activity and increase SOD activity and GSH-Px level. CONCLUSION: LPTS may improve the ability of learning and memory and delay aging.

The Application of Kappa Statistics for Evaluation of the Identity of Teaching Quality Assessment by Teaching Supervisors and College Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To bring the teaching quality assessment to a full play and enhance the monitoring of teaching procedure by comparing and analyzing the teaching quality assessment by college students and teaching supervisors.Method:To select the teaching quality scores of 80 person-times by students and teaching supervisors in Second Military Medical Universities from March to April in 2007 as samples and to apply Kappa statistics to evaluate the identity of the assessment by students and supervisors.Results:The Kappa value is lower than 0.4,showing that the teaching quality assessments by students and supervisors are not very identical.Conclusion:Taking effective measures to improve the reliability,validity and correctness of teaching assessment is especially necessary.